Accuracy of Digital Surface Models derived from archival aerial photographs. Case study for the Czech Republic.

The archival aerial photographs are widely used for landscape change analysis, settlement identification or georelief reconstructions. The large archive of old aerial photographs is available for the whole Czech Republic and these data are often used by scientists, historians, students, etc. The quality of the datasets (orthophoto, digital surface models) resulting from archival aerial images processing is crucial for the ongoing analyses. The accuracy test of digital surface models derived from archival aerial images origintaing from 1938 and 1953 is presented within this paper. These two timelines were chosen because they preserve the landscape structure in the begining of the heavy indudstrialization of the Czech Republic

Using of modern technologies for visualization of cultural heritage

This paper explores the historical evolution and contemporary applications of photogrammetry and laser scanning in cultural heritage preservation, focusing on the restoration of the Shush synagogue in Iraqi Kurdistan. It traces the development of documentation techniques, highlighting photogrammetry's pivotal role and the impact of the digital revolution. The case study of Project Shush illustrates the practical use of geomatics techniques, advanced 3D modeling, and collaboration with NGOs and authorities. The methodology outlines the use of technologies like terrestrial laser scanners (BLK360, Zeb-Revo) and UAVs, emphasizing their mobility and accuracy. Results detail the project stages, showcasing the creation of a detailed 3D model and the use of Unreal Engine for visualization. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of 3D documentation in cultural heritage and celebrates the success of the Shush synagogue restoration as a testament to technological advancements in preservation. Our research has shown that the joining of different 3D object documentation technologies significantly improves the quality and speeds up the workflow. Comparison of partial point clouds in software Cloudcompare on a case study of a smaller historic building showed differences in the internal structure in centimeters, while for the external parts that were covered with vegetation the differences reached up to decimeters

Geodetické měření a 3D modelování jako nástroj pro dokumentaci archeologického výzkumu v Súdánu (Sabaloka, 6. nilský katarakt) // Geodetic measurements and 3D modelling as methods of documenting archaeological research in the Sudan (Sabaloka, 6th Nile cataract)

New spatial data collection methods such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Kite Aerial Photography (KAP), close range photogrammetry and laser scanning provide numer - ous opportunities for archaeological research documentation. Since the year 2009, the archaeological research cov - ered by the Czech Institute of Egyptology has been situated in the area of the 6th Nile cataract – near the Sabaloka game reserve (the Republic of the North Sudan). The past expedi - tions employed traditional ways of surveying the archae - ological sites in creating archaeological maps and in other types of research. In the 2014 season, the KAP and close range photogrammetry methods were applied at several archaeological sites in order to make a comprehensive database enabling the study of the sites in the virtual environment. The Sphinx locality (SBK.W-60) presented in this paper is completely covered with spatial data of different scales (the whole locality, occupation terrace, sound ings and details of discovered features) – surveyed points, orthophotos and digital terrain models derived from KAP and close range photogrammetry. All of the created 3D models are accessible online at https://sketchfab.com/jan.pacina/folders

Geodetic surveying as part of archaeological research in Sudan

Surveying is an important part of any archaeological research. In this paper we focus on the archaeological research in north Sudan (6th Nile cataract) and the surveying methods applicable under the local conditions. Surveying in the Third World countries is affected by the political situation (limited import of surveying tools), local conditions (lack of fixed points, GNSS correction signal), inaccessible basemaps and fixed point network. This article describes the methods and results obtained during the three archaeological seasons (2011-2014). The classical surveying methods were combined with KAP (Kite Aerial Photography) to obtain the desired results in form of archaeological maps, detailed orthophoto images and other analyses results.</p

GIS Day 2016 v Ústí nad Labem

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Geodetické měření a 3D modelování jako nástroj pro dokumentaci archeologického výzkumu v Súdánu (Sabaloka, 6. nilský katarakt)

New spatial data collection methods such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Kite Aerial Photography (KAP), close range photogrammetry and laser scanning provide numer - ous opportunities for archaeological research documentation. Since the year 2009, the archaeological research cov - ered by the Czech Institute of Egyptology has been situated in the area of the 6th Nile cataract – near the Sabaloka game reserve (the Republic of the North Sudan). The past expedi - tions employed traditional ways of surveying the archae - ological sites in creating archaeological maps and in other types of research. In the 2014 season, the KAP and close range photogrammetry methods were applied at several archaeological sites in order to make a comprehensive database enabling the study of the sites in the virtual environment. The Sphinx locality (SBK.W-60) presented in this paper is completely covered with spatial data of different scales (the whole locality, occupation terrace, sound ings and details of discovered features) – surveyed points, orthophotos and digital terrain models derived from KAP and close range photogrammetry. All of the created 3D models are accessible online at https://sketchfab.com/jan.pacina/folders.859

Sabaloka - 3D modelling

Spatial data collected during archaeological seasons 2011, 2012 and 2014. Data contain surveyed points, Kite Aerial Imagery, 3D models and close range photogrammetry imagery

OBSERVING LANDSCAPE CHANGES USING DISTANT METHODS

Landscape changes are a very common phenomenon in t he area of North-West Bohemia (the Czech Republic) as this area is heavy industrialized. This paper presents two methods for observing the landscape – the bathymetric mapping and the aerial mapping. The bathymetric mapping is used to reconstruct the original surface in area where the Nechranice dam was built in 1960’ and to evaluate the sedimentation caused by the Ohře River. The original surface of the Ohře river canyon was reconstructed using old maps and t he bathymetric mapping was performed with Lowrance HDS-5 Sonar. The aerial mapping introduced in this paper is a new method of using Small Format Aerial Photography in connection with an ordinary aircraft. The gimbal (camera stabilization) normally used by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is mounted into a small aircraft and allowing the scanning of very large areas – in our case the open-pit mine Tušimice was the target of our study. The derived orthophoto and Digital Surface Models were used to complete the georelief development analysis based on old maps and aerial photographs

3D Modelling as a Tool for Landscape Restoration and Analysis

Part 2: eEnvironment and Cross-Border Services in Digital Agenda for EuropeInternational audienceThe region of North-west Bohemia has been influenced by the open cast mining for more than the last hundred years. During this period has the coal mining activity become very intense leaving huge change on the landscape. We may require the original landscape for many purposes (historical, landscape renewal). One of the ways how to reconstruct the original shape of the landscape is the usage of historical maps and old aerial photographs made in the period before the dramatic georelief changes. As the data sources, we use the maps of the 3rd Military survey 1:25 000 after reambulation, aerial photographs taken in years 1938, 1952, 1995 and maps of stabile cadaster. The reambulated maps contain clearly readable elevation data (contour lines), which were used for reconstructing the original landscape. From processed aerial photographs we get the Digital Surface Model of the coal mines in different time periods

Výzkum pravěkého osídlení v pohoří Sabaloka v centrálním Súdánu: poznatky z výzkumné sezóny 2017 // Exploration of the late prehistoric occupation at Jebel Sabaloka in central Sudan: findings of the 2017 field campaign

In the autumn of 2017, the exploration of the late prehistoric occupation on the west bank of the Nile at Jebel Sabaloka came to its fifth season. The fieldwork focused on the site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-20), last explored in 2012. Four trenches (no. 21–24) measuring 24 m2 in total (fig. 3) were excavated, all on Terrace 3 of the site (fig. 2). The most significant findings of the field campaign include the following: (1) A large late prehistoric burial ground was uncovered on Terrace 3. Based on the hitherto finds of intact (14 individuals) and disturbed burials and their distribution in Trenches 21 and 22 only, the burial ground appears to have been confined roughly to the southern third of Terrace 3 and to have contained at least several dozen deceased (figs. 4a, 5, 6). The use of shells of Nile bivalves as burial goods was attested (B.5, B.6; figs. 7 and 8); other items serving this function were not detected. Of interest is the presence of stone piles, in some cases carefully built, which covered burials particularly in the eastern part of Trench 22 (fig. 5). Before carrying out AMS 14C analyses, a Late Mesolithic dating can be tentatively put forward for (at least part of) this burial ground based on similarities to the burial ground at the site of Sphinx (e.g. Varadzinová – Varadzin 2017). (2) Terrace 3 had been used for settlement as well, both during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Several settlement features were uncovered, of which at least two had shapes reminiscent of those characteristic of storage pits (F.54, F.57 – not dated more precisely so far; fig. 4a). Also, a stratification of settlement layers was detected (fig. 4b). (3) Of utmost significance is the discovery of fragments of what appears to be a stratified sequence of layers of Pleistocene dating (!) (fig. 9). They contained numerous assemblages of lithics with an unusually high representation of vein quartz, tiny cores ca. 1 cm in size used for production of microbladelets possibly by indirect percussion, and other pieces of lithics exhibiting advanced patination. The material has tentatively been assigned to the Late Stone Age. (4) The first of its kind was also a workshop for the production of Neolithic gouges on red rhyolite (fig. 1, 2, 11), detected in the western part of Fox Hill, with finds of raw material, primary shaping waste, finalisation waste, and unfinished as well as finished artefacts. The exploration of the site will continue in 2018